HENRY FAYOL

Henry Fayol (1841- 1925) who is known the father of modern operational management theory was a French engineer and director of mines. French industrialist studied about the administrative aspect of scientific management. He contributed to modern concept managment with five main function of managment
1) planning,
(2) organizing,
(3) commanding,
(4) coordinating, and
(5) controlling
Fayol published the well-known book which is General and Industrial Management (1916). 14 principles of management with respect to that book:
1. Division of work : Specializing encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods.
2. Authority and Responsibility : The right to give orders and the power to exact obedience.
3. Discipline. No slacking, bending of rules. The workers should be obedient and respectful of the organization.
4. Unity of command. Each employee has one and only one boss.
5. Unity of direction. A single mind generates a single plan and all play their part in that plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests. When at work, only work things should be pursued or thought about.
7. Remuneration. Employees receive fair payment for services, not what the company can get away with.
8. Centralization. Consolidation of management functions. Decisions are made from the top.
9. Chain of Superiors (line of authority). Formal chain of command running from top to bottom of the organization, like military
10. Order. All materials and personnel have a prescribed place, and they must remain there.
11. Equity. Equality of treatment (but not necessarily identical treatment)
12. Personnel Tenure. Limited turnover of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers.
13. Initiative. Thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen.

14. Esprit de corps. Harmony, cohesion among personnel. It's a great source of strength in the organization. Fayol stated that for promoting esprit de corps, the principle of unity of command should be observed and the dangers of divide and rule and the abuse of written communication should be avoided.
Fayol influenced Taylor while he studied about organizational structure in management. But Taylor's scientific management deals with the efficient organization of production in the context of a competitive enterprise that has to control its production costs while Fayol was interest in only one areas of the many areas. Taylor and Fayol viewed management process different side.

References:
http://www.12manage.com/methods_fayol_14_principles_of_management.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol
http://www.ozyazilim.com/ozgur/marmara/orgut/yon_teo2.htm#_Toc465482723