FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

Frederick W. Taylor(1856-1915) , the father of scientific management, was an American mechanical engineer who devoted to improve industrial efficiency. In 1911, Taylor pubished his work which is The Principle of Scientific Management and so he explain how to improve productivity with workers. He leaded the develpment of modern industry with his scientific managment theory.

Taylor thought that industrial managment was dilettante in his days so that managment could be regardes as an acadamic discipline. Consequently, the best result is gotten with combining a trained and qualified management and a cooperative and innovative workforce.

Scientific Management is known also Taylorism. This Taylor Scientific Management consisted of four main principles:
1. Management is a true science. The solution to the problem of determining fair work standards and practices could be discovered by experimentation and observation. From this, it follows, that there is "one right way" for work to be performed.
2. The selection of workers is a science. Taylor's "first class worker" was someone suitable for the job. It was management's role to determine the kind of work for which an employee was most suited, and to hire and assign workers accordingly.
3. Workers are to be developed and trained. It is management's task to not only engineer a job that can be performed efficiently, but management is responsible for training the worker as to how the work is to be performed and for updating practices as better ones are developed. This standardizes how the work is performed in the best way.
4. Scientific management is a collaboration of workers and managers. Managers are not responsible for execution of work, but they are responsible for how the work is done. Planning, scheduling, methods, and training are functions of the manager.
In general, aim of Taylorism is increasing work efficiency and production rate and also benefiting from workers efficiently.
Henry Fayol, Henry Ford, Gilberths etc. were influenced from Taylor. Taylorism was developed after Taylor.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
http://www.mgmtguru.com/mgt301/301_Lecture1Page8.htm
http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/scientific/
http://www.stfrancis.edu/ba/ghkickul/stuwebs/bbios/biograph/fwtaylor.htm